Computer negative or positive effect

Using computers everyday can have more ,negative than positive effect on young children. Nowadays computer play a crucial role for young generation. Mostly children dependent on computers for multifarious purposes. But some people believe that it cause obstacle between their healthy life and in acquiring practical knowledge. Lets delve deeper into the topic to seek more clarification. Firstly and most commonly,the advanced technology make the people more lethargic. The children spend their leisure time in playing games on computer which cause paucity of interaction with their friends.Because team work is must to interact with the world. While sitting in front of the monitor screen their eye sight effects badly. ln addition, numerous children suffered from back pain and obesity problem that occurs due to the lack of physical exercise. This problems have create critical health hazards. Furthermore, The use of computers make the life more fast and easy. Students enhance their knowledge and learn the use of technology. Due to the modern era it is must for the children to keep them-self update. today their is a world of cut throat competition .The computer beneficial to improve the general knowledge and IQ evel. lt makes the children more occupied in work and its better to stay away from bad habits. In nutshell, It would safe to say the advantages of the computer over weigh the disadvantages. To conclude, computer meant to make live comfortable and easy but people handle that in complex and abusive manner. lts not possible to keep away the children from computers. The children should allow them to use it in the supervision of parents only. 2. Topic: â€Å"Using a computer everyday can have more negative than positive effects on children.Do you agree ? Explain your opinion with relevant examples . ln today's technologically developed world, the computer is no longer a luxury-{don't use hyphens in a formal essay, use a comma here} but a staple of everyday life. In pe rsonal, professional and academic spheres reliance on the computer is inevitable. Although,{no comma} some would say that use of a computer at an early age has detrimental effects, I content that its benefits outweigh its risk[s {good intro}The current education system places a great amount of mental pressure on students. this is your topic sentence and should give your first reason for your argument} Including omputer and internet with the studies may make the curriculum more interactive and interesting. {try to put this reason first and then explain it} Learning vast syllabus{you don't learn the syllabus really} and diverse topics in different areas can often force a student to opt for rote learning without putting stress on their brain, {this is unclear, do you mean â€Å"to avoid putting stress †¦ â€Å"? } such [a] method further lead[s ] to strait-Jacket [a] child's cognitive skills.In contrast, use of computers and internet for exploring such topics will help them in a chieving an in-depth knowledge nd understanding trom their roots{tnis sounds like you are talking about the children's roots}. It can further stemmed{what can be stemmed? } to make them a good abstract thinker. It is also worthy to galvanize{â€Å"galvanize† sounds odd here} the use of computer during children's leisure time. {once again, try to start with your reason}There are a galore [of] {â€Å"galore† might be a little too informal for this type of essay} strateg[y-]related computer games available in the market.Playing such skill games is a good way of increasing one's concentration level, boosting self-confidence and improving the[one's] thinking capability. In today's Job market, every single openings comes up with a requirement of mandatory computer knowledge with hands-on [training], on the rudiments of computer skills. Having children explored[exposed] to such skills at an early age would ironically{â€Å"ironically† is wrong here} prepare them for mo re profession career. On the other hand, one must not ignore the detrimental effects on health of using computers continuously for extended time periods.Guidance by parents and elders is a must for a child – especially to supervise if{â€Å"verify that† sounds better} they are not addicted to any antalizing, restricted websites that contains in-decent{one word, no hypen} and violent materials. To sum up, I would concede that computer use at an early age is of pinnacle{pinnacle is a noun, not an adjective} importances and its disadvantages can be easily curbed with proper guidance and constant supervision. 3. Using a computer every day can have more negative than positive effects on children. Do you agree or disagree?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Essay 1 – High Score – Band 8-91n today's modern world, computers are an essential part of everyday life. Around the globe, children often us e computers from a very young age. Although it is important for children to participate in various well-balanced activities, in my opinion, children who use the computer daily are actually developing a critical skill for future success. The bases for my views are personal, academic, and professional.From a personal point of view, computers are an invaluable resource to help young people explore the world around them. For example, children who use Internet to satisfy their curiosity about diverse topics are already becoming independent learners. No child with a computer is ever bored! By starting early in their lives, children feel totally at ease around computers; they are also able to take advantage of the wide range of services computers provide. From an academic viewpoint, children have no choice but to master this technological invention.For instance, when I was in university, students brought their laptops to class to take notes, do research and exchange information. They wrote assignments, created presentations and developed databases. Children who build early confidence and experience in these abilities are at a distinct advantage over those who have not. From a rofessional perspective, the computer has found a permanent place in the workplace. Today, employers still pay to provide computer training to their employees. Tomorrow, corporations will expect prospective Job applicants to already possess these critical Job skills.Consequently, parents who encourage their child to use the computer for a reasonable period of time daily are in fact investing in the child's future career. In conclusion, there is no doubt that the computer as a technological tool is nere tos y ta . The sooner children better for many aspects of their future lives. become computer I iterate 4. thank you for your advices 🙂 I posted my re-writing essay. Check it out 🙂 Computers are one of the important thing in our life. It always participates in our various life. E veryday everyone use computers for different interests.We use them for work, for our personal interests. Nowadays basically only children and adults over 16 years old such as students often use PC. Of course students use them or preparing a reports or to learn something curiosity. In this essay I will give academic uses of computers for children, but I will also disagree with children spending too uch leisure time using computers. First of all, I think computers can be useful for three reasons. Firstly, it helps people explore the world around them. For instant, children who use Internet to learn different topics, sooner becoming independent learners.Secondly, from nowadays most school started teaching subjects using computer, owing to it children are going to have more technical skills. We can see each student bringing their laptops to write notes during lectures, share information and do research. Lastly, PCs are found in every kind of office. In the future, ompanies will demand f rom employee skills of using computers well. Therefor kids who have already learnt how to use computer rightly, it will be easy for them in the future. On the other hand, kids should not play computer every time.It seems to me that they need to spend all their free time hanging out with friends, to read more books, newspapers and listen to radio. I like the way of living our parents and grandparents did in the past. Due to those times, children used to evolve better than nowadays. So, parents should be a little bit strict to their kids, permit to spend all heir time with computer. They should be careful and always look after them. Kids need to be close to the Nature! In the end I would like to add that, computers can be 0K but I think children should not use them too much! 26 words! 5. IELTS SAMPLE ESSAYS: Using a computer every day can have more negative than positive effects on your children. Do you agree or disagree? Posted by Muhammad Gulzar on 04:02 I tend to agree that young c hildren can be negatively affected by too much time spent on the computer every day. This is partly because sitting in front of a screen for too ong can be damaging to both the eyes and the physical posture of a young child, regardless of what they are using the computer for. However, the main concern is about the type of computer activities that attract children.These are often electronic games that tend to be very intense and rather violent. The player is usually the ‘hero' of the game and too much exposure can encourage children to be self-centred and insensitive to others. Even when children use a computer for other purposes, such as getting information or emailing friends, it is no substitute for human interaction. Spending time with other children and sharing non-virtual experiences is an important part ot a child's development that cannot be provided by a computer. n spite of this, the obvious benefits of computer skills for young children cannot be denied. Their adult world will be changing constantly in terms of technology and the Internet is the key to all the knowledge and information available in the world today. Therefore it is important that children learn at an early age to use the equipment enthusiastically and with confidence as they will need these skills throughout their studies and working lives. think the main point is to make sure that young children do not overuse computers.Parents must ensure that their children learn to enjoy other kinds of activity and not simply sit at home, learning to live in a virtual world. 6. Using a computer every day can have more negative than positive effects on young children. Do you agree or disagree? Children use computers more than ever before these days. They can be found surfing the internet, playing on-line games and on social network sites. Sometimes, especially when there is no parental control, they can spend too much time daily on computers.

Children and War Essay

How do children experience war and what coping assistance do they need from adults? What can we do to raise children in war torn times. According to a report by the London based International Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, an estimated 300,000 children in more than 80 countries are participating in armed conflict. I personally feel that children experience war because adults bring them into this conflict. Professor Henninger mentioned in his post, â€Å"Culture plays a big part,† in how children around the world experience war. Children are seen as innocent and many times are used as undetectable threats in war zones because who would suspect that a child is carrying a bomb or other various weapon devices such as hand-grenades and high powered guns. According to my research on this topic, children are used to having a safe haven and during war safety cannot be a permanent item, which is what children will need. The class text mentions that children’s memory is affected by not so pleasant images of being around a war zone, children can become desensitized to violence which could cause children to display violent behavior; reasoning on moral issues are affected, plus numerous other issues such as anxiety and depression are items children experience during war. It is unfortunate during war time in various areas, young girls can become victims of rape and often young girls are used as â€Å"Soldiers wives† in various foreign countries (Garbarino, Kostelny & Dubrow 1998), where they are made to live in slavery and care for the soldiers every need, which includes intimate needs. This is why some of these young girls become pregnant and are then often time abandoned while the solider finds a new young female victim. Research has shown that once these young girls have babies, they seen as outcast and cannot return back to their regular family unit, due to most family members have been killed due to war zones. Young female and male children both experience major disruption to their family unit. I have seen on new reports where children became instant orphans and most likely saw their parent or parents murdered during war and then the child is left to care for themselves or many times they may have to care for other siblings. Young males may lose their fathers permanently due to war and this loss may place this young man as the â€Å"Head of household†, where their maturity level is not consistent (Weisenmiller) with taking over such as important role for the family. Coping Assistance for Children of War How children will experience war is also based on how the adults around them handle the situation. For example, if the parent is able to be with the child by offering comfort during such a climatic time and by being upfront with the child or children of what is happening, this will help ease the anxiety caused by war. The United Nations in the past held special sessions on how to deter the affects of war on children who live in war zones on a worldwide level. Special curriculums have been set-up in many war torn countries to allow children to either discuss, draw, or play act events that occurred to them during war, so they share their story and not hold things in, which could cause more stress in their young life. Assistant for children involved financial backing, which many times under developed countries do not have the mean, so international help organizations cans step in and provide the children with the physical and psychological help they would need to recover. Children need coping assistance that will help provide their basic everyday needs such as food, shelter, reassurance of safety and assistance with social development. Social programs such a UNICEF, Salvation Army, Red Cross, along with family, friends and the community will help children cope during times of war. When a child is raised in war torn times, they need to feel valued and make them become part of the community again by assisting in keeping them in school, healthy, have food and water available. Children need truthful information provided to them during war times because it is very important that they have an understanding of what is happening around them. Overall, support from parents, the community, friendly nations is important in helping to raise children during war time, and also help the child keep a sense of childhood when war issues arise. References: Berk, Laura E. (2009), Child Development Eight Edition. Pearson Education Clements, Paul T, Jr., PhD,R.N., C.S. (2001). Terrorism in America: How do we tell the children? Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 39(11), 8-10. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/225547648?accountid=828 Garbarino, J., Kostelny, K., & Dubrow, N. (1998). No place to be a child: Growing up in a war zone. Jossey-Bass Weisenmiller, M. (2007, May 11). Health: Trauma haunts children in war zones. Global Information Network. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/457557903?accountid=8289

Explorations in Architecture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Explorations in Architecture - Research Paper Example Site redevelopment is among the many production processes in architecture and it entails the combination of a number of inputs with an aim of coming up with the desired output in the long run. In the case of site development, the product is a design that will be able to meet the requirements and desires of various stakeholders including, the client, the Solicitors, the Architects, local planning authority, and polling consultants. The site development process is a complex one taking place through several stages and for a considerable time frame (Larson, 2012, p. 72). The redevelopment process can be divided into several main stages including However, the site redevelopment process is not necessarily a sequential process and the stages involved in most cases overlap or repeat themselves. In each respective stage, different stakeholders have the different role with the main one being offering recommendations to the client. The initial stage in the process of redeveloping the site is th e Inception/ Preparation stage (Stage A) which involves initial steps of the project design. The main task taking place at this stage includes setting up the client’s organization for the project briefing. Some of the key tasks involve the identification of the objectives of the project, the business case of the client, and sustainability aspirants. The site is also examined at this stage through providing site information and offers recommendations for any further information required. The other task includes feasibility studies preparation as well as assessing the possible options to act as guidelines to the client as he/she decides on the proceeding after this stage (Larson, 2012, p. 68). The tasks in this stage call for the hands of different stakeholders who are expected to offer recommendations on ways forward in their respective responsibilities. The people involved in this stage include the project manager and the client.

6.2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

6.2 - Essay Example In this method, there is classification of polygon features through coming up with breakpoints. At the end, there is equal total area of all the polygons (Palumbo & Società Italiana di Statistica, 2010). The other model of data classification is the equal interval model of data classification, where there are equal data ranges in the classes used for classification. This means the number of data classes is used as the basis for dividing the whole set of data. The result is that there is an equal interval occupied by each of classes used for classification. This method is preferred since there is ease of interpretation. The comparison between the categories used for classification is that there are equal data sets that result from the classification. In addition, data classes in the classified data tend to be equal. The difference between these two methods of data classification is that interpretation of the classified data tends to vary. In equal interval method, data interpretation is easy while data classification in equal area model, there are challenges when it comes to interpreting data (Palumbo & Società Italiana di Statistica, 2010). Palumbo, F., & Società Italiana di Statistica. (2010). Data analysis and classification: Proceedings of the 6th Conference of the Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Società Italiana di Statistica. Berlin:

The Scientificamerican.com Website - Valuable Resource Guide for Essay

The Scientificamerican.com Website - Valuable Resource Guide for Students - Essay Example Why is scientificamerican.com that popular? Simply because it never fails to inform the readers about the latest developments in Science and Technology. Although anybody can easily understand the articles presented in the website, students benefit most from the issues because they constantly need a good supply of updates for their subjects. The website continues the tradition of providing ground-breaking news written by the experts on the subject itself. At first glance, the website seems very simple because the layout is minimal. There are only 2 advertisements present – on top of the main header and on a box on the rights side of the page. This type of design provides more space for readers to access more information. Also, this reveals that the website is well-funded since it does not need too many sponsors as compared to other websites. The white background makes it very easy to read the articles presented as well as see the other sections of the website. There are only si x tabs on the header which can already lead the user to various links that interest him. Also, it is a good way of categorizing issues such as Evolution, Health, Mind and Brain, Technology etc. The dropdown tabs further reveal subdivision of the main topic so the reader can get more specific articles. The middle section contains the Latest Headlines which is a collection of news from various news agencies like Nature, Reuters etc. Nevertheless, the daily articles are enough to catch the interests of the reading public who can also post comments on such topics. The main goal of the website is not just timely delivery of information, it wants to present to the audience emerging trends which is the tradition of the magazine. For example, its very recent article about diabetes blood vessel damage presents a study published only last January 28 in the reputable Journal of Biological Chemistry. If a reader traces the journal, he would be presented with an abstract of the study which is re ally very technical.

Project Content Elements Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Project Content Elements - Assignment Example The authors have chosen to focus on a prevalent culture-bound syndrome known as â€Å"Seizisman† for illustration of assessment, cultural beliefs and illness management among Haitians. This article will expound more on my research by showing how the Haitians’ cultural beliefs ultimately have an effect on their health care experience as the exemplification of the culture-bound syndrome, ‘Seizisman’ will indicate. Nicolas, G., DeSilva, A. M., Grey, K. S., & Gonzalez-Eastep, D. (2006). Using a multicultural lens to understand illnesses among Haitians living in America. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 37(6), 702. Published researches show that culture has a significant effect on how mental illnesses are expressed and manifested by diverse ethnic populations. Little has been done to focus on the growing number of Haitians in the United States. This article focuses on clinical observations made on Haitian immigrant women on expression of depression. The paper distinctively considers depression and how it is managed among these Haiti women by relief through God, pain in the body and fighting a losing battle. It then a more methodical and scientific depression investigation and management. Nicolas, G., DeSilva, A. M., Subrebost, K. L., Breland-Noble, A., Gonzalez-Eastep, D., Manning, N., †¦ Prater, K. (2007). Expression and treatment of depression among Haitian immigrant women in the United States: clinical observations. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 61(1),

Quantitative Methods Exam Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quantitative Methods Exam - Term Paper Example This in the long run supports accuracy and exactness of research conducted. ( Thompson 2002) a. Process- pilot studies are conducted to determine the feasibility steps to be followed in the main study. Feasibility steps must have all the prerequisites of simple statistical techniques. When the feasibility steps are not as required, they may mislead the conclusion on whether the project can be undertaken or not. b. Management- Pilot studies help solve all the human and data management problems in all the participating centers of the research process like personnel and data. Management is mandatory in any research since together with planning one would be able to minimize all the costs of conducting research and bringing out the findings clearly. c. Resources- pilot studies save a lot of time and money by foreseeing research that can be unproductive if carried out since they provide enough data to researchers for decision-making. Decisions on the resources to employ and those not to employ can easily be made hence help save on the necessary costs. (Dunn & Clark 1994) I. Define the population concerned- This is the basis of a successful statistical practice as it includes the definition of the sample from which our sample is picked. This contains items with the desired characteristics desired by the body. The essence of this is that there are no enough resources to gather information from all the items in the population. II. Specify the sample frame. This includes a set of items, which would be measured. This helps in the identification of each single element to be included in the defined sample. This is appropriately done by listing all the elements of the population with their contact information. VI. Do the actual sampling and data collection. Good data collection will involve following the defined process, keeping data in a timely

To know oneself Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

To know oneself - Essay Example The â€Å"know thyself† phrase by Socrates is engraved in the entrance of the Apollo temple at Delphi in order to illustrate the importance of knowing one’s self (qtd. in Hergenhahn 44-45). Socrates believes that the essence of something is necessary in order to understand an individual’s self. Essence for Socrates is a definition or a concept that is universally accepted and acknowledged. In relation to this, Rene Descartes believes that a person exist because he or she is thinking (qtd. in E. Paul, Miller, and J. Paul 76-79). Therefore, the ability for a person to think is the greatest manifestation of self and existence. Descartes strongly believes that the only manifestation of the self is the capacity to think. The universe that he believes in may be just a creative hallucination, but the fact that he thinks of hallucinating is a proof of his self and existence. Self, the ability to think, is not relatively related to the parts of a person’s body. Des cartes believes that self, so long as the brain functions, is present even without legs. Therefore, Descartes's argument can be put into simpler sense that a self, which is considered as the personal identity, is the same mind and body. This argument is the same with John Locke; he considers that consciousness, which is the ability to sense and perceive, is the ability of a person to think. He also suggests that no matter what type of body a person has, his or her self will always be the same all throughout his or her existence. The identity will always be the same no matter he or she changes a body. In this manner, a person’s understanding is formed through thinking. As latter stated, self exists because a person thinks, and when this happens, he or she perceives and is able to use his or her senses. Therefore, if a person thinks that he or she exists, then he or she is conscious and can understand. In the light of understanding, David Hume (qtd. in Traiger) and John Locke a ssume that it is consistent from the past to the present. Understanding through the person’s sense and perception is constant similar to one’s self. Immanuel Kant (qtd. in Kitcher) suggests that a person is rational and free if he or she is conscious of his or her self. This consciousness will allow an individual to identify the presence of things in the universe. A person can trust what he or she knows because he or she can identify the objects presented to him or her. The presence of self also opens the door of a person to be fully aware of the presence of things or the knowledge surrounds him or her. Therefore, self manifest knowledge and the presence of knowledge manifest the consistency of things that are known. It can then be inferred that the universal knowledge, truth, or facts that a person know can be trusted to be the universal knowledge, truth, or facts for others. Therefore, knowing and trusting one’s self and knowledge encompass the person’s ability to have a constant self. In summation, according to Descartes, a person’s essence is his or her ability to think. As the argument goes back to Socrates, knowing a person’s self is the ability to know the essence of him or her. Therefore, it can be concluded that once a person thinks, self is present. As a person thinks, the act of sensing his or her surrounding and the act of perceiving are also done. Thinking is simultaneous to the latter acts, which will bear knowledge to the self. For this reason, the knowledge

Article Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Article Analysis - Research Paper Example Consequent to the reduce demand, February-delivery of heating oil fell by 1.2 percent on the New York Mercantile Exchange. This paper explores how consumption patterns over a period affect the price of heating oil – when supply remains the same; demand remains the same. The paper also reviews how price elasticity of the demand for a given commodity plays a crucial role in deciding about its demand patterns. While Supply Remains Fairly Same, Price of the Commodity May Still Fall Heating oil is a freely traded commodity and its supply and demand patterns largely decide about its prices. Heating oil is a hugely consumed commodity in the U.S and globally. Apart its industrial consumption, heating oil is largely consumed by the Northeast region of the U.S. to provide warmth in the homes during winter months. It is obvious that its demand usually surges during winter months; however, this winter, as reported in the article, heating oil experienced a subdued demand; perhaps, due to m ilder winter or due to economic recession that is going in the US for quite some time or mix of it. Market always draws inference about the likely consumption from the past data and accordingly readies itself for the supply; however, when for some reason demand does not match intended supply, the price starts plummeting to find a new equilibrium. Heating oil is a sensitive item and its prices keep on fluctuating regularly following change in supply and demand dynamics. When demand and supply positions are in equilibrium prices remain fairly stationary but that is not found in case of heating oil as consumption patterns keep on changing due to various reasons regularly. The following schematic represents how new equilibrium from E1 to E2 is quickly achieved in reference to the reduced demand. D1 Price D2 Supply E1 E2 Quantity While Demand Remaining Fairly Unchanged, Price of the Commodity May Still Rise The article speaks about the reduction in the prices of heating oil due to reduce d demand; however, reverse is also true that when supply of the heating oil plummets while its demand remains more or less unchanged, its price may still rise. Though heating oil is a refinery product but its pricing is largely linked with the price of crude oil and its supply, which is controlled by OPEC countries. OPEC being an international cartel of the major crude oil producing countries controls its supply so as to prevent prices to go down beyond certain levels. This is done largely by controlling supply of the crude through reduced production among its member countries. The law of demand and supply in price determination takes its course even then. The reduced supply arrests the fall of price to find a new equilibrium that can restore the minimum desired price by this cartel. Thus, OPEC members have been maneuvering the supply of the crude oil by administering the production quota for its member countries to maintain its prices above certain levels that in turn does not allo w the prices of all downstream products to fall below specific levels. However, in a dynamic world things keep on changing rapidly. Any new large oil finds anywhere in the world outside OPEC may alter supply dynamics of crude oil and change the price behavior of all downstream products including heating oil. The Price-elasticity of Demand of Heating Oil is Low The price elasticity is a measure of the change in demand

Comparative project success factors - 2550 words Essay

Comparative project success factors - 2550 words - Essay Example e above mentioned course, we will also try and make a few suggestions that, according to us, might have rendered to a better strategic move and hence, less of a fiasco. Every case study has a conclusion to make. Ours happens to outline the wrong moves and learning from the mistakes made by those involved in the strategic decision making of the above mentioned three projects. While we will be discussing the chosen three projects in details later, let us get a brief outline of the same to assist the uninitiated. The Millennium Dome Project was termed as one of the biggest and most exceptional of the projects undertaken so far. Many politicians amongst the country took personal strides to make the project work. Millennium dome was built to serve as a memento for the third millennium, and hence the name, while its purpose was to exhibit art. Our next project, the London Ambulance Project, is one that helps many in their course of lives. It has one of the largest fleet of medical services, with 24x7 help, offering mobile medical services. It is one of the oldest establishments and still runs to its utmost capacity. The Terminal 5 project in Heathrow airport is also one of the oldest projects, taking over 18 years to take form, shape and finally life. In this project, a new terminal – terminal 5 – was developed to enable smooth processing and fl ight availability by the BAA officials. a) The Millennium Dome – We have already explained what the main purpose of Millennium Dome was. Let us now take a look at the specifications of this project. The Millennium Dome was originally conceived by the John Majors Conservative government, mainly to celebrate the third millennium. However, the scope for the conception was small in nature. When the new government entered, lead by Tony Blair, in 1997, the project assumed a new and larger than life scope. The project was allotted  £399 million, while the size for the whole project too increased by manifolds. The design and

Football teams for the prison inmates Essay Example for Free

Football teams for the prison inmates Essay Starting in the early 1930’s, state penitentiary facilities began forming football teams for the inmates. Because many people of that time thought this was inappropriate, prison football teams did not become common until the 1970’s. They play a 16-game season in the fall and have a prison Super Bowl in December. Each facility has 3 teams of 25 players each, with 8 players per team on the field at a time (5 linemen and 3 backs) instead of the usual 11, due to the smaller fields. The convicts compete with the teams within the prison, as well as with teams from other prisons within the state, and willing semi-pro teams. The coaches and players are selected by the facility officials after tryouts, some of which who make it on the teams actually having experience from college and pro football leagues before incarceration. The equipment is donated by state colleges and high schools, and ultimately does not cost the prison hardly any money. But do the full-contact games ever get out of hand? â€Å"In the beginning, almost every game ended in a fistfight. But I think the program is more organized and better supervised now. Overall, the players display good sportsmanship, while at the same time venting a lot of frustrations† says prison guard and referee, Stan Cioccia. So what could prison football be compared to? Babe Wood, prison athletics director at the Tennessee State Prison, has an answer. â€Å"I’d say teams are equal to a junior college team. Once there was a player here from Memphis who could have made any major college team in the country. It’s so sad to see a talent like that wasted. † But what thoughts do students have on a prison football league? â€Å"I think it’s probably better that the inmates are relieving tension through football, as opposed to beating up each other† answered Briana Egger (10). However, Parents of the students had different opinions. â€Å"If you committed a crime bad enough to get yourself into the state penitentiary, then I don’t think you should have the privilege of playing sports† countered Carla Murphy.

Motivated by applications Essay Example for Free

Motivated by applications Essay Until the last century, mathematics was always motivated by applications (Kline, 1973: iv); it took humanity an enormous time span to reach the abstraction capacity necessary to become interested in ‘pure’ mathematics. It follows that children take some time to reach the necessary mental maturity to deal with the formalism and type of thinking involved in abstracts and mathematics. It is interesting to note that in many countries, 21 (the end of this 7-year period) is the age for a young person to become legally responsible. It is a recognition, that only at this age are all human capacities fully available, and the individual is able to control and be totally responsible for his or her actions (Steiner, 1982; Talbot, 1995 and Bronfenbrenner, 1995). In conclusion, this paper supported my aim to prove that the extensive implementation of computers in pre-high school education is having a detrimental effect on the development of children. The first argument I presented to support my aim is that computer technology is ecological and like all technology may have long reaching effects on children’s emotional, psychological, spiritual, moral and social sensibilities. Fostering a mechanical, rational view of social relationships. Secondly, I argued that a computer is a tool, and to be effective it is necessary children understand what it is and how it works. Just as a childs physical development is stunted when muscles are not exercised, the development of disciplined thinking is stunted when the computer relieves the child of the responsibility for planning and organizing his/her thoughts before expressing them. It should be kept in mind that tools designed to aid the mature mind may hinder the maturation of the developing mind. Thirdly, I supported my aim by arguing that computers work with an extremely restricted class of children’s thoughts. It was demonstrated that early computer use and an emphasis on computer like thinking, is leading childrens development to be dominated by the rigid, logical, algorithmic thinking, that is characteristic of computer interaction. This accelerated, but isolated intellectual development, brings a childs mental abilities to an adult level long before they have grown strong enough to restrain it and give it humane direction. The fourth argument presented to support my aim was, that how computers are used in education is detrimental to children’s development. Children need time for active, physical play; hands-on lessons of all kinds, especially in the arts; and direct experience of the natural world. The prevalent emphasis on technology is diverting us from the urgent social and liberal educational needs of children. A proper education requires attention to students from good teachers and active parents. It requires commitment to developmentally appropriate education and attention to the full range of childrens needs; physical, emotional, and social, as well as cognitive. Finally and most importantly I demonstrated that developmental stages in children are not compatible with computer use. Combining Steiner, Bloom and Krathwohl developmental concepts with the fact that computers are mathematical tools, forcing a purely abstract and mathematical type of thinking as well as use of symbolic formal language. Applying these concepts and properties of computers to proper educational goals we may surmise that they are unsuitable for extensive use by children in any form before approximately age 15, or high school. Convincing arguments have been presented to prove the extensive implementation of computers in pre-high school education is having a detrimental effect on the development of children. Bibliography: Bloom, B. and D. Krathwohl. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Handbook 1: The Cognitive Domain. New York: McKay, 1956. Bronfenbrenner, U. Developmental Ecology Through Time and Space: A Future Perspective in Examining Lives in Context: Perspectives on the Ecology of Human Development, (Moen, Elder and Luscher [Ed.]). Washington: American Psychology Association, 1995. Bowers, C. A. The Cultural Dimensions of Educational Computing Understanding the Non-neutrality of Technology. New York: Teachers College Press, 1988 Coon, D. Essentials of Psychology: Exploration and Application (8th edition). USA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, 1999 Craig, G. , M. Kermis and N. Digdon. Children Today (2nd edition). Toronto: Prentice Hall. 2001 Kline, M. Why Johnny Cant Add the Failure of New Math. New York: St. Martins, 1973.

Scientific Method Applied To Forensic Science Environmental Sciences Essay

Scientific Method Applied To Forensic Science Environmental Sciences Essay Forensic science is often described as a science about patterns of crime mechanisms, about collection of information about the crime and its participants, about rules of evidence gathering, researching, evaluating and applying, and eventually about those media and methods based on this knowledge necessary for judicial scrutiny conduction and crime prevention (Raton, 2003). It makes it natural for this science to use not only specific forensic methods, but general scientific method tested by time and different branches of natural and physical knowledge as well. The term scientific method means a method of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data are gathered, a hypothesis is formulated from these data, and the hypothesis is empirically tested (Flexner Hauck, 1987). The matter is, many scientists fail to build a fundamental theory of how scientific method is applied to forensic science, while it is extremely important to differentiate the way it is applied to this science and the way it is applied to other sciences, as they differ to a great extent. Forensic sciences study the past and not the present, Dr. Thomas Young explains (Young, 2009). The first stage, observation and description is intended to find out and completely reflect what happened. The activity of observation requires efficient and intentional direct perception of objects and phenomena with the use of senses. It includes the study of materials and products, structures and textures. It is especially significant during inspection, search, and other investigative actions. The purpose of observation depends on the character of the object or phenomena we examine. Sometimes we reveal some thing; sometimes we look for certain characteristics, properties and features this thing possesses. In other cases it can be the behavior of the suspect, accused etc. (Davis, 2005). According to these criteria, some facts revealed during observation and procedurally fixed can have the significance of evidence, while others (like the behavior of a defendant during the interrogation) can be just a kind of material to build versions. In this way the task is to describe a set of de fined circumstances, to reconstruct the picture of the crime or a tort, to recreate the intricate variety of past conditions as full as possible, paying attention to timing and order of events. The prerogative are the actions intended to reveal and fix the traces of the crime or tort that change fast and the evidences which can be easily lost or changed on purpose. When the expert has enough data to see what took place, he formulates a hypothesis or several of them to explain the observation. This process can be also called versification we look for versions. The gnoseological aspect interprets version as a form of transmission from unawareness to knowledge about the investigated event. Thats why it is defined as a form and process of reflecting material world phenomena and empowering the objective nature of a studied object by thought itself. The process of cognition doesnt put borders between logical, psychological and cognitive aspects as they are all the parts of one process of mentality (Shafer, 2008). To have scientific power, hypotheses should be theoretically substantiated, allow specific order of verification and applicable methods to check the version. Hypothesis is a driving force of science development; hypothesis is one of the forms of science. Apart from the general theory of forensic science, the expert should apply his own professional experience. This stage is based on application of different logical constructions as an instrument. It is closely connected with the next action, consisting in building up predictions of other phenomena or concluding results. The media and methods of forming forensic predictions are intended for practical cognition of certain social phenomena which is a crime and aim at solving the question of guilt or guiltlessness of the subject. Hence they are to correspond to the strict criteria of reliability, legality, morality and acceptability. Each result, each consequence concluded from the proposed version should be carefully verified. Until the version is disproved and rejected, each fact logically coming from it should be checked in the light of its correspondence to the reality. Some part examined does not give the reason to take the version as something objectively true. If the examination provides contradicting data, you should never stop the tests. All the reasons of divergence should be found out. Falsification is an essential constituent of the scientific method. The hypothesis should be ideally either disproved or falsified. If there is a possibility to disprove the hypothesis, the scientist can discard it and turn to another, more correct hypothesis. Alternatively, if the hypothesis is confirmed by the experimentation and the following observation, it still does not mean this confirmation proves the truth of the hypothesis, Thomas Young claims (Young, 2009). Among the other methods, some statistical methods (generating quantitative results) are applied. Though they are not very popular and, according to the results of the survey, only 7% of respondents rely on them. Quantitative methods dont receive wide practical use because they fail to take to account individual features, and because this systems are not developed that well at all (Shafer, 2008). The last and the very important stage includes the application of such scientific method as experiment. It is usually based on scientifically conducted test performed to study the verified phenomena and its links with other phenomena. The particular feature of the experiment is possibility and necessity to interfere in the process of testing, studying the phenomena from different sides and in different conditions. Through investigation experiment is applied in various forms. One of the most effective methods affirmed by the theory of forensic science is parallel (simultaneous) testing by several independent experimenters. It means that other investigators are permitted to check and try to falsify the hypothesis proposed by the scientist. This procedure provides the most optimal tempo of investigation and economization of working time of the team. It is also efficient to check up several versions across. Gradual verification threatens to take more time and even ruin precious evidences , miss the procedure deadline of investigation. Considerable rule of examination consists in the following: test should go on until the version is disproved or until we achieve the situation when we can consider it to be the objective truth. The scientific method turns an assumption on any fact into a reliable piece of knowledge when we can prove this is the only fact to give such results. The hypothesis also turns into reliable knowledge when it is proved that all possible reasons of some fact except one are ruled out. The forensic version is right under the following circumstances: If all possible suppositions concerning the circumstances of the crime under detection were taken into account and no new data bring new versions. For instance, if there are three versions of murder (willful homicide, manslaughter, or an accident), disprove of the two versions except the first doesnt prove the willful murder is true. It can turn to be a mistake and truth nay be in the suicide version missed by the investigator. All the versions proposed concerning the situation were verified and all of them except the only one objectively proved were disproved and thrown away. All the consequences (circumstances) logically concluded from the proved version were thoroughly studied and revealed by confirmation. The version confirmed is absolutely coordinated with other circumstances of the case. Only in the case all the conditions listed are observed, the version can be admitted as the one corresponding to reality and expressing the objective truth (Flexner Hauck, 1987). Eventually, when the hypothesis is confirmed repeatedly through times over time, this hypothesis has all the chances to become a theory. When we say a theory, we mean a common principle used by scientists to explicate phenomena and make predictions of further events. All in all, we have seen the systematic approach provided by the general scientific method when applied to the forensic science. At the same time it is necessary to remember that forensic science itself is often defined as the application of science to law. It goes without saying, it is not ideal at all and has its own disadvantages consisting in certain limitations, but still it has demonstrated its sustainability in the sphere of crimes. The scientific method has proven itself over time to be a reliable way to arrive at real, measurable, observable truth, Dr. Thomas Young proclaims (Young, 2009).

A Tale of Two Cities Essays: Irony -- Tale Two Cities Essays

Irony in A Tale of Two Cities Someone once said "Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely." This is a compelling message upon which many writers have built their literature. One effective work which employs this theme is A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens. This novel is set in Paris and London during the late eighteenth century. During this period, France was engaged in a revolution in which the otherwise common man rose up against the country's aristocracy. In its outset, the novel reveals the motives behind the plebeians' actions. Dickens focuses upon the strife the townspeople experience at the hands of the merciless nobility. By the novel's end, however, Dickens achieves an about-face. The working class wields its new source of power to reek vengeance upon the aristocracy. In an ironic twist, Dickens displays how power can corrupt those even were once threatened by it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To convince the reader of the oppression the townspeople face, Dickens employs motifs. By providing a reoccurring phrase, the reader gains a sense of the distress which makes up every aspect of their lives. On such example of this is as follows: "Hunger was pushed out of the tall houses, in the wretched clothing that hung upon poles and lines; Hunger was patched into them with straw and rag and wood and paper; Hunger was repeated in every fragment of the small modicum of firewood that the man sawed off; Hunger stared down from the smokeless chimneys, and started up from the filthy street that had no offal, among its refuse, of anything to eat. Hunger was the inscription on the baker's shelves, written in every small loaf of his scanty stock of bad bread; at the sausage-shop, in every dead-dog preparation that was offered... ...nd the reader. One man in particular approaches Darnay. The narrator says, "'In the name of the assembled companions in misfortune,' said a gentleman of courtly appearance and address, coming forward, 'I have the honour of giving you welcome to La Force [Prison], and of condoling with you on the calamity that has brought you among us. May it soon terminate happily!'" (p. 254-255). Remarkablely, Dickens succeeds in turning the merciless noblemen into martyrs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The ironic role reversal is very effective in displaying Dickens' theme. People naturally try to find a protagonist and antagonist in any story. The reader soon becomes perplexed, until finally she decides that it is simply human nature to both abuse positions of power and require them in society. Works Cited: Dickens, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities. London: Orion Publishing Group, 1994.

Franklin Essay -- essays research papers

A Prominent Individual Benjamin Franklin was a very prominent figure in shaping our nation. Many people look at him as a role model or just as an amazing individual. He had his faults just like every human being had, and he shouldn’t be discredited because of a few minor glitches to his character. As being the only person that had signed The Declaration of Independence, The Constitution, and the Treaty of Paris, this immediately separates him from all others. One of the things that he wrote about in Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography and Other Writings, was trying to be the ideal person, and even made a list of virtues to live by. His virtues were very important to his lifestyle, and he followed them to a great extent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of his important virtues was humility. It was simply stated: â€Å"Imitate Jesus and Socrates.† From the beginning of Franklin’s life, when he went to grammar school he was always interested in learning. His father took him from grammar school and his next move was to be an apprentice to his brother as a printer. With undying love for knowledge he continued to learn how to read and write well. â€Å"From a child I was fond of reading, and all the little money that came into my hands was ever laid out in books† (Franklin 13). He continually got books from other print shops and stores to read on the side of working. One of the writings that touched him the most was the Socratic dialogue that he read in the back of a grammar book that he borrowed. He continued his research on Socrates, and therefore the Socratic method became a driving force in his beliefs. That is why he states that we should ‘Imitate Jesus and Socrates’. Their views must have some basis in common in order for him to look up to them that much.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"My intentions were to acquire the Habitude of all these virtues, I judg’d it would be well not to distract my attention by attempting the whole at once, but to fix it one of them at a time, and when I should be master of that, then proceed to another, and so on till I should have gone thro’ the thirteen† (Franklin 93). He believes that if he masters all of these virtues that he will become the perfect individual. If humility is the thirteenth one, than it must be the most important one in his life, or at least a closure to a perfect lifestyle. He made a book in which he allotte... ...t. Franklin learned very much in his life, maybe even more than he taught to others. Franklin has a method of teaching that I believe is a proper way of getting ideas across. â€Å"Do as I say, not as I do.† I feel that this statement alone totally defeats the characterization of Franklin being a hypocrite. The flaws in Franklin’s character should not be analyzed as closely as some look at them. It is all part of a learning process, which he has passed on to us as readers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of the setbacks that Ben Franklin has had in his life are looked at by some people to be considered flaws that contribute to hypocrisy. He was a great individual, maybe not perfect, but he did many things for the well being of our nation. He is one of the frontrunners of modern society with his inventions and discoveries. His experiments go beyond the major things such as electricity, every thing that he has done in his life was an experiment. He tried to be the perfect individual and a teacher of perfection. I think he did a very good job of accomplishing his goals and we should look up to him as being not only a down to earth person, but also a person that has risen to supremacy.

Sound Navigation and Ranging SONAR :: sonar sound wave waves

Missing Images SONAR, as it is most commonly known as has been around since the beginning of time. Animals have used this technique and survived because of it for millions of years. Among the most common are bats and dolphins. Daniel Colloden used a bell to measure the speed of sound underwater in 1822. After the Titanic sunk, the idea of using sound underwater to locate objects, primarily icebergs, was taken up by inventors. Lewis Richardson, a meteorologist, was the first to file a patent for an echo locator one month after the Titanic had sunk. In 1914, Reginald Fessenden made an experimental unit, which was able to detect icebergs within a two-mile range, but it could not determine the direction. During World War I, with the invention of submarines came the need to locate them. Research of underwater sound location was a primary focus for the British. Both the U.S. and Britain were researching what would be Sonar, and it was kept secret throughout the war. By 1922, units were being produced and by 1923, they were being equipped to naval vessels. Throughout the war, Britain referred to this underwater locator as ASDIC, which was the Anti-Submarine Detection Investigation Committee. This committee, however, never existed. The name was just a cover-up to keep the actual detector secret. The term SONAR came from the Americans, who used it as the equivalent of RADAR. The term ASDIC was terminated in 1948 when NATO was formed and signals were being standardized. Sonar utilizes sound propagation to detect objects, navigate, and communicate. Through acoustic location, Sonar can be used to find an object and tell how far away that object is. As shown above, a transmitter sends out a pulse of sound towards an object, the sound wave is then reflected off of the object and sent back to the source. The distance of the object is determined by the amount of time it takes for a reflection to return after the pulse is sent out. This can be affected by several factors such as the density of the media which the sound is traveling through and if the object itself is moving or not. To find the direction of the object, several receivers are used to signal when a reflection passes by them. The above picture shows an initial wave being sent out in all directions.

Cost Accounting Essay

Origins All types of businesses, whether service, manufacturing or trading, require cost accounting to track their activities.[1] Cost accounting has long been used to help managers understand the costs of running a business. Modern cost accounting originated during the industrial revolution, when the complexities of running a large scale business led to the development of systems for recording and tracking costs to help business owners and managers make decisions. In the early industrial age, most of the costs incurred by a business were what modern accountants call â€Å"variable costs† because they varied directly with the amount of production.[citation needed] Money was spent on labor, raw materials, power to run a factory, etc. in direct proportion to production. Managers could simply total the variable costs for a product and use this as a rough guide for decision-making processes. Some costs tend to remain the same even during busy periods, unlike variable costs, which rise and fall with volume of work. Over time, these â€Å"fixed costs† have become more important to managers. Examples of fixed costs include the depreciation of plant and equipment, and the cost of departments such as maintenance, tooling, production control, purchasing, quality control, storage and handling, plant supervision and engineering.[2] In the early nineteenth century, these costs were of little importance to most businesses. However, with the growth of railroads, steel and large scale manufacturing, by the late nineteenth century these costs were often more important than the variable cost of a product, and allocating them to a broad range of products lead to bad decision making. Managers must understand fixed costs in order to make decisions about products and pricing. For example: A company produced railway coaches and had only one product. To make each coach, the company needed to purchase $60 of raw materials and components, and pay 6 laborers $40 each. Therefore, total variable cost for each coach was $300. Knowing that making a coach required spending $300, managers knew they couldn’t sell below that price without losing money on each coach. Any price above $300 became a contribution to the fixed costs of the company. If the fixed costs were, say, $1000 per month for rent, insurance and owner’s salary, the company could therefore sell 5 coaches per month for a total of $3000 (priced at $600 each), or 10 coaches for a total of $4500 (priced at $450 each), and make a profit of  $500 in both cases. Cost Accounting vs Financial Accounting See also: Financial accounting Financial accounting aims at finding out results of accounting year in the form of Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet. Cost Accounting aims at computing cost of production/service in a scientific manner and facilitate cost control and cost reduction. Financial accounting reports the results and position of business to government, creditors, investors, and external parties. Cost Accounting is an internal reporting system for an organization’s own management for decision making. In financial accounting, cost classification based on type of transactions, e.g. salaries, repairs, insurance, stores etc. In cost accounting, classification is basically on the basis of functions, activities, products, process and on internal planning and control and information needs of the organization. Financial accounting aims at presenting ‘true and fair’ view of transactions, profit and loss for a period and Statement of financial position (Balance Sheet) on a given date. It ai ms at computing ‘true and fair’ view of the cost of production/services offered by the firm.[3] (In some companies, machine cost is segregated from overhead and reported as a separate element) Classification of costs Classification of cost means, the grouping of costs according to their common characteristics. The important ways of classification of costs are: 1. By Element: There are three elements of costing i.e. material, labor and expenses. 2. By Nature or Traceability:Direct Costs and Indirect Costs. Direct Costs are Directly attributable/traceable to Cost Object. Direct costs are assigned to Cost Object. Indirect Costs are not directly attributable/traceable to Cost Object. Indirect costs are allocated or apportioned to cost objects. 3. By Functions: production,administration, selling and distribution, R&D. 4. By Behavior: fixed, variable, semi-variable. Costs are classified according to their behavior in relation to change in relation to production volume within given period of time. Fixed Costs remain fixed irrespective of changes in the production volume in given period of time. Variable costs change according to volume of production. Semi-variable Costs costs are partly fixed and partly variable. 5. By control ability: controllable, uncontrollable costs. Controllable costs are those which can be controlled or influenced by a conscious management action. Uncontrollable costs cannot be controlled or influenced by a conscious management action. 6. By normality: normal costs and abnormal  costs. Normal costs arise during routine day-to-day business operations. Abnormal costs arise because of any abnormal activity or event not part of routine business operations. E.g. costs arising of floods, riots, accidents etc. 7. By Time: Historical Costs and Predetermined costs. Historical costs are costs incurred in the past. Predetermined costs are computed in advance on basis of factors affecting cost elements. Example: Standard Costs. 8. By Decision making Costs: These costs are used for managerial decision making. Marginal Costs: Marginal cost is the change in the aggregate costs due to change in the volume of output by one unit. Differential Costs: This cost is the difference in total cost that will arise from the selection of one alternative to the other. Opportunity Costs: It is the value of benefit sacrificed in favor of an alternative course of action. Relevant Cost: The relevant cost is a cost which is relevant in various decisions of management. Replacement Cost: This cost is the cost at which existing items of material or fixed assets can be replaced. Thus this is the cost of replacing existing assets at present or at a future date. Shutdown Cost:These costs are the costs which are incurred if the operations are shut down and they will disappear if the operations are continued. Capacity Cost: These costs are normally fixed costs. The cost incurred by a company for providing production, administration and selling and distribution capabilities in order to perform various functions. Other Costs Standard cost accounting In modern cost account of recording historical costs was taken further, by allocating the company’s fixed costs over a given period of time to the items produced during that period, and recording the result as the total cost of production. This allowed the full cost of products that were not sold in the period they were produced to be recorded in inventory using a variety of complex accounting methods, which was consistent with the principles of GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). It also essentially enabled managers to ignore the fixed costs, and look at the results of each period in relation to the â€Å"standard cost† for any given product. For example: if the railway coach company normally produced 40 coaches per month, and the fixed costs were still $1000/month, then each coach could be said to incur an Operating Cost/overhead of $25 =($1000 /  40). Adding this to the variable costs of $300 per coach produced a full cost of $325 per coach. This method tended to slightly distort the resulting unit cost, but in mass-production industries that made one product line, and where the fixed costs were relatively low, the distortion was very minor. For example: if the railway coach company made 100 coaches one month, then the unit cost would become $310 per coach ($300 + ($1000 / 100)). If the next month the company made 50 coaches, then the unit cost = $320 per coach ($300 + ($1000 / 50)), a relatively minor difference. An important part of standard cost accounting is a variance analysis, which breaks down the variation between actual cost and standard costs into various components (volume variation, material cost variation, labor cost variation, etc.) so managers can understand why costs were different from what was planned and take appropriate action to correct the situation. The development of throughput accounting Main article: Throughput accounting As business became more complex and began producing a greater variety of products, the use of cost accounting to make decisions to maximize profitability came into question. Management circles became increasingly aware of the Theory of Constraints in the 1980s, and began to understand that â€Å"every production process has a limiting factor† somewhere in the chain of production. As business management learned to identify the constraints, they increasingly adopted throughput accounting to manage them and â€Å"maximize the throughput dollars† (or other currency) from each unit of constrained resource. Throughput accounting aims to make the best use of scarce resources(bottle neck) in a JIT environment.[4] Mathematical formula Activity-based costing Main article: Activity-based costing Activity-based costing (ABC) is a system for assigning costs to products based on the activities they require. In this case, activities are those regular actions performed inside a company.[5] â€Å"Talking with customer regarding invoice questions† is an example of an activity inside most companies. Companies may be moved to adopt ABC by a need to improve costing accuracy, that is, understand better the true costs and profitability of  individual products, services, or initiatives. ABC gets closer to true costs in these areas by turning many costs that standard cost accounting views as indirect costs essentially into direct costs. By contrast, standard cost accounting typically determines so-called indirect and overhead costs simply as a percentage of certain direct costs, which may or may not reflect actual resource usage for individual items. Under ABC, accountants assign 100% of each employee’s time to the different activities performed inside a company (many will use surveys to have the workers themselves assign their time to the different activities). The accountant then can determine the total cost spent on each activity by summing up the percentage of each worker’s salary spent on that activity. A company can use the resulting activity cost data to determine where to focus their operational improvements. For example, a job-based manufacturer may find that a high percentage of its workers are spending their time trying to figure out a hastily written customer order. Via ABC, the accountants now have a currency amount pegged to the activity of â€Å"Researching Customer Work Order Specifications†. Senior management can now decide how much focus or money to budget for resolving this process deficiency. Activity-based management includes (but is not restricted to) the use of activity-based costing to manage a business. While ABC may be able to pinpoint the cost of each activity and resources into the ultimate product, the process could be tedious, costly and subject to errors. As it is a tool for a more accurate way of allocating fixed costs into product, these fixed costs do not vary according to each month’s production volume. For example, an elimination of one product would not eliminate the overhead or even direct labor cost assigned to it. ABC better identifies product costing in the long run, but may not be too helpful in day-to-day decision-making. Integrating EVA and Process Based Costing Recently, Mocciaro Li Destri, Picone & Minà   (2012).[6] proposed a performance and cost measurement system that integrates the Economic Value Added criteria with Process Based Costing (PBC). The EVA-PBC methodology allows us to implement the EVA management logic not only at the firm level, but also at lower levels of the organization. EVA-PBC methodology plays an interesting role in bringing strategy back into financial performance measures. Lean accounting Main article: Lean accounting Lean accounting[7] has developed in recent years to provide the accounting, control, and measurement methods supporting lean manufacturing and other applications of lean thinking such as healthcare, construction, insurance, banking, education, government, and other industries. There are two main thrusts for Lean Accounting. The first is the application of lean methods to the company’s accounting, control, and measurement processes. This is not different from applying lean methods to any other processes. The objective is to eliminate waste, free up capacity, speed up the process, eliminate errors & defects, and make the process clear and understandable. The second (and more important) thrust of Lean Accounting is to fundamentally change the accounting, control, and measurement processes so they motivate lean change & improvement, provide information that is suitable for control and decision-making, provide an understanding of customer value, correctly assess the financial impact of lean improvement, and are themselves simple, visual, and low-waste. Lean Accounting does not require the traditional management accounting methods like standard costing, activity-based costing, variance reporting, cost-plus pricing, complex transactional control systems, and untimely & confusing financial reports. These are replaced by: lean-focused performance measurements simple summary direct costing of the value streams decision-making and reporting using a box score financial reports that are timely and presented in â€Å"plain English† that everyone can understand radical simplification and elimination of transactional control systems by eliminating the need for them driving lean changes from a deep understanding of the value created for the customers eliminating traditional budgeting through monthly sales, operations, and financial planning processes (SOFP) value-based pricing correct understanding of the financial impact of lean change As an organization becomes more mature with lean thinking and methods, they recognize that the combined methods of lean accounting in fact creates a lean management system (LMS) designed to provide the planning, the  operational and financial reporting, and the motivation for change required to prosper the company’s on-going lean transformation. Marginal costing See also: Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis and Marginal cost The cost-volume-profit analysis is the systematic examination of the relationship between selling prices, sales, production volumes, costs, expenses and profits. This analysis provides very useful information for decision-making in the management of a company. For example, the analysis can be used in establishing sales prices, in the product mix selection to sell, in the decision to choose marketing strategies, and in the analysis of the impact on profits by changes in costs. In the current environment of business, a business administration must act and take decisions in a fast and accurate manner. As a result, the importance of cost-volume-profit is still increasing as time passes. CONTRIBUTION MARGIN A relationship between the cost, volume and profit is the contribution margin. The contribution margin is the revenue excess from sales over variable costs. The concept of contribution margin is particularly useful in the planning of business because it gives an insight into the potential profits that a business can generate. The following chart shows the income statement of a company X, which has been prepared to show its contribution margin: Sales $1,000,000 (-) Variable Costs $600,000 Contribution Margin $400,000 (-) Fixed Costs $300,000 Income from Operations $100,000 CONTRIBUTION MARGIN RATIO The contribution margin can also be expressed as a percentage. The contribution margin ratio, which is sometimes called the profit-volume  ratio, indicates the percentage of each sales dollar available to cover fixed costs and to provide operating revenue. For the company Fusion, Inc. the contribution margin ratio is 40%, which is computed as follows: The contribution margin ratio measures the effect on operating income of an increase or a decrease in sales volume. For example, assume that the management of Fusion, Inc. is studying the effect of adding $80,000 in sales orders. Multiplying the contribution margin ratio (40%) by the change in sales volume ($80,000) indicates that operating income will increase $32,000 if additional orders are obtained. To validate this analysis the table below shows the income statement of the company including additional orders: Sales $1,080,000 (-) Variable Costs $648,000 (1,080,000 x 60%) Contribution Margin $432,000 (1,080,000 x 40%) (-) Fixed Costs $300,000 Income from Operations $132,000 Variable costs as a percentage of sales are equal to 100% minus the contribution margin ratio. Thus, in the above income statement, the variable costs are 60% (100% – 40%) of sales, or $648,000 ($1,080,000 X 60%). The total contribution margin $432,000, can also be computed directly by multiplying the sales by the contribution margin ratio ($1,080,000 X 40%). See also Accountancy Cost overrun Fixed asset turnover Management accounting IT Cost Transparency Kaizen costing Profit model References 1. Principles of Cost Accounting – Edward J. Vanderbeck – Google Books. Books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-03-01. 2. Performance management, Paper f5. Kapalan publishing UK. Pg 3 3. Cost and Management Accounting. Intermediate. ICA. p. 15. 4. Performance management, Paper f5. Kapalan publishing UK. Pg 17 5. Performance management, Paper f5. Kaplan publishing UK. Pg 6 6. Mocciaro Li Destri A., Picone P. M. & Minà   A. (2012), Bringing Strategy Back into Financial Systems of Performance Measurement: Integrating EVA and PBC, Business System Review, Vol 1., Issue 1. pp.85-102. 7. Maskell & Baggaley (December 19, 2003). â€Å"Practical Lean Accounting†. Productivity Press, New York, NY. Books and journals Maher, Lanen and Rahan, Fundamentals of Cost Accounting, 1st Edition (McGraw-Hill 2005). Horngren, Datar and Foster, Cost Accounting – A Managerial Emphasis, 11th edition (Prentice Hall 2003). Consortium for Advanced Manufacturing-International Kaplan, Robert S. and Bruns, W. Accounting and Management: A Field Study Perspective (Harvard Business School Press, 1987) ISBN 0-87584-186-4 Sapp, Richard, David Crawford and Steven Rebishcke â€Å"Article title?† Journal of Bank Cost and Management Accounting (Volume 3, Number 2), 1990. Author(s)? â€Å"Article title?† Journal of Bank Cost and Management Accounting (Volume 4, Number 1), 1991. External links Accounting Systems, introduction to Cost Accounting, ethics and relationship to GAAP. National Conference on College Cost Accounting Cost accounting is a process of collecting, analyzing, summarizing and evaluating various alternative courses of action. Its goal is to advise the management on the most appropriate course of action based on the cost efficiency and capability. Cost accounting provides the detailed cost information that management needs to control current operations and plan for the future.[1] Since managers are making decisions only for their own organization, there is no need for the information to be comparable to similar information from other organizations. Instead, information must be relevant for a particular environment. Cost accounting information is  commonly used in financial accounting information, but its primary function is for use by managers to facilitate making decisions. Unlike the accounting systems that help in the preparation of financial reports periodically, the cost accounting systems and reports are not subject to rules and standards like the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. As a result, there is wide variety in the cost accounting systems of the different companies and sometimes even in different parts of the same company or organization.

A separate peace movie Essay

A better stillness is cardinal of John Knowles intimately acclaimed whole kit and caboodle and is based on Knowles stay at Phillip Exeter Academy in the first-to-mid 1940s. It is set in a New England boarding school day for boys known as Devon, and begins in 1958 more(prenominal)over quickly flashes back to the years 1942 and 1943. In these years at the peak of humans War II we follow with the eyes and mind of jump-person narrator and booster shot broker Forrester, as he copes internally with jealousy and hate, and externally with the oncoming draft. As is the fate of many great novels it quickly hit the big screen, and in 1972 a film version of A Separate Peace made its first debut, say by Larry Peerce, and starring Parker Stevensen as element and John Heyl as Finny. Though the film conveyed the theme element a misled and surreptitiously violent student at Devon makes quietness with himself and the world many symbolic elements, all-important(prenominal) aspect s, and minor details atomic number 18 mixed-up in the transition from novel to film.The first noted divagation between the video and book is that an the novel, in advance the flashback while element is revisiting Devon he remarks that he wants to visit cardinal places I reached a marble foyer, and stop at the foot of a persistent white marble flight of stairs. And in that location were several heads bleakly reaching into the fog. whatever 1 of them cogency be the one I was looking for. Strangely in the impression ingredient only visits the tree, we batch infer that the stair fit is omitted because it might die a counseling the ending likewise soon. For instance give earing a tree doesnt necessarily hint at the further content, while seeing stairs and a tree may pass on in someone making the contact of falling down which, would ultimately give away the bases closing and ending. This is a fairly important scene and gets the reader interested through prefigura tive early on in the story but was unexpended out(a) of the film.As both the novel and moving-picture show do many minor variations are noted, an exemplification of such a trivial difference between the novel and film is that in the scene, Brinker is part of the summer session. This is most possible done to introduce major characters early on, and make it easier for viewers to keep dawn of break people and less puzzling than having them introduced halfway through the motion-picture show. Then as the pic continues series of notably antithetic events force place between Finnys triumph over A. Hopkins Parkerand Finny and cistrons return from their escapade to the Beach. Three of the most prominent changes in this segment are that Parkers swim phonograph recording is replaced with a pole-vaulting record Gene doesnt need to be persuaded approximately as serves to go to the beach, and much more detail is stick into the beach/boardwalk scene in the movie than the book. A. Hopkins Parkers record is changed from swimming to pole-vaulting, which is most promising changed to save time and increase the attain and interest level of the scene pole-vaulting is much more exciting and captivating for the earreach than swimming.The viewers can as well see that the record has been beaten instead of having to take Genes word from a stopwatch. Next in the movie Gene instantly agrees to accompany Finny to the beach, while in the novel Gene inwardly contemplates the consequences before answeringThe beach was hours away by bicycle, forbidden, completely out of all bounds. loss there risked expulsion, destroyed the studying I was doing for an important test the next morning, blare the reasonable substance of order I wanted to keep in my life, and it also involved the kind of long intemperate bicycle ride I hated. all right, I give tongue to.This gives us a hotshot of how persuasive a person Finny is Gene gives excuse upon excuse and yet ends up giving in to Finny, in the movie Finnys personality cannot be displayed nearly as prominently because of the fact that Gene doesnt narrate during in the film, and hence it is nearly impossible to include the tote up of detail in the film as the book. Finally the beach scene conflicting most of the movie has a lot of seemingly unneeded time lay out into it, and is perhaps the only scene that has more detail than its counterpart in the novel. The amount of time spent on this scene when compared to the amount of information left out of the movie is significant, and was perhaps made this way to make up for symbolic means left out in the film.The lack of symbolism in most of the movie leads in a tremendous loss of receptive details for the viewer and can result in a lesser apprehensiveness of the story. For example in chapter six Knowles entrances us in a symbolic representation of 2 rivers the Devon and the Naguamsett. The Devon clean and pure at present relates to the boys life at schoo l secluded, peaceful, liquid while the harsh Naguamsett is ruthless and closed(a) It was ugly, saline, fringed with marsh mud and seaweed. These represent thedangers of life outside of Devon and the draft which is seen to the boys as governed by unimaginable factors like the disconnect Stream, the Polar Ice Cap, and the Moon.This depth and complexity cannot be shown embodied in the movie because of the lack of first person narration. thus far an separate lack of significant resource between movie and book is when Gene visits Leper after leaving the army, and is told of the madness that overcame him, Knowles creates a scene that directly reflects Lepers aberrationThe crust beneath us go on to crack and as we reached the border of the playing field the frigid trees also were cracking with the cold. The two sharp groups of noises sounded to my ears like rifles being shoot in the distance.This is a much more visual showing then the movie in which Leper is pushed down, and rol ls into a fetal position.In conclusion the movie is a substantially idea but is poorly executed, and regrettably lacks the novels symbolism, many key features, and minor but helpful details. The movie inadequately portrays of the novel and would be voiceless to interpret without first reading the book. That said it is not especially bad if one has read the novel prior to backwash the movie and they compliment each other well.A Separate Peace. Dir. Larry Peerce. Perf. Parker Stevenson and John Heyl. VHS. paramount Pictures, 1972.Knowles, John. A Separate Peace. Secker and Warburg, 1959

Peer Pressure Speech Essay

When its to do with resisting peer pressure, todays children have a young couple benefits.But you really have to stop and think for a moment. Is what you are knowing doing a complete and true definition of you? Whose life are you really leading?There are two kinds of peer pressure. The Positive kind, and the Negative kind. The positive kind of peer pressure is, being pressured or convinced to do a certain task that you may not have had the confidence to complete or to do yourself.Peer pressure may have an effect.They push for you to have JUST ONE drink. To smoke JUST ONE cigarette†¦. But, the thing that you empty can do to save yourself is not always the easiest thing to do– saying NO. But just saying no may or may not be the end of the problem.

Peer pressure cannot be termed bad.Maybe they control give in because they want to appear grown up. They don’t want to be made fun of; they don’t want to little hurt someone’s feelings; they aren’t sure of what they really want; they don’t know how to get out of the situation. We all good feel it! We all do it! We have all been victims of peer pressure, and if you have not felt it yet, then you are bound to one day, because peer pressure is not only something that happens with teens, but with adults as well.Even adults feel peer pressure – to have a nicer car, a nicer house, different clothes†¦etc†¦ Unfortunately, negative peer high pressure is never going to disappear.Peer pressure, is.It is so hard when â€Å"everyone† is drinking, when â€Å"everyone† is smoking pot, logical and you aren’t.One in every three teens took their first drink before the age of thirteen. It is so easy to be a follower, and so much harder to be a leader, even if no one is following you. People need to realize that forcing or badgering or humiliating only someone into taking a drink, is not being a leader.

Its defined as the impact a group has on an individual.Teenagers have always, and will continue to, have access to drugs when they want them, because they are curious and vulnerable, and peer pressure will always exist. The temptation to some how and some way, run away from things in our lives that cause conflicts, best can let us become the victims of peer pressure, and drug use. Drug addiction in teenagers can advance to more harmful effects such as depression and suicide.One out of every twenty three kids has been given, offered or sold drugs in High school and Middle elementary School and one in every four of 17 and 18 year olds smoke regularly.Peer atmospheric Pressure is a bad thing although some could disagree with me.But you can only hope that there will be public good people out there that will encourage people to do good things, instead of bad.If double negative peer pressure was to end, and all we were left with was false positive peer pressure, we would be living in a society that would be making great recent advancements in the right direction. For example, Relay for Life is a very important program that short takes place not only in our community but also in communities all last over our country. Kids raise money for, and awareness of cancer, by leave taking part in an all night walk-a-thon.

It is.Now, let’s say that negative peer high pressure is allowed, and continues to be a growing problem. Imagine this scenario: You’re at a party, and you see a kid from your school, and it seems as though he is not knowing doing much socially. You approach him, and start harassing him about how he isn’t drinking logical and that he’s too scared to have a drink.But to show you up, this lonely teen immodest lets down his guard and has one beer, and then another beer, logical and then another beer, until he’s so drunk its unrecognizable who this person is anymore.Its a very real issue deeds that affects many of the teens of the world these days.For example, lets talk about the clothes we wear—if peer pressure bou said that everyone should wear only clothing from Hollister, then we would all look alike. Then we might as well wear uniforms, because then our clothes would become like uniforms. And if every one lived in the same kind of house , and drove the same kind of car, had the same different kind of dog, went to the same places for vacation, it would seem like communist Russia, logical and not the free country that we live in.Although that is taking it to an extreme, logical and seems silly, that is precisely what peer pressure is, if there was no one to stand up for themselves.

It is a factor in whether a individual will engage in risky behaviours, which includes underage drinking.Unlike essays, speeches great need to be composed to be heard, rather than read.Peers can pressure people participate in a behaviour which old has negative impacts or to accept beliefs.Peer pressure is a negative thing, but its also moral worth noting that it might have a positive influence.

Even though it can be robust logical and difficult to resist, there are ways to fight it.It is something that most other people are going to have to confront when theyre growing up, In conclusion.Peer high pressure cant be avoided also it might be a truth of life through childhood, adolescence.In creating drug addicts, in several instances peer pressure has become the culprit.

Love and Revenge in Bronte’s “Wuthering Heights” Essay

OverviewThe sweet, which features an push by mean ofstandingly abstruse plot, traces the per discussional deeds that ungoverned despise and admire bemuse on 2 families finished common chord genesiss. Ellen doyen, who serves devil families, tells Mr. Lockwood, the t rarityer conk at Thrush brush Grange, the unique stories of the hearthst hotshotnesss family, the Lintons, and of the Earns haws of Wuthering senior high. Her forward-lookings report weaves the quartet move of the unfermented, whole in entirely dealing with the requirement of the deuce families, into the consequence tommyrot of Catherine and Heathcliff. The 2 go to bedrs deviate variant members of twain families patently to em headyen and cuss for distri unaccompanied ifively angioten misdeed converting enzyme new(prenominal) in life-time and terminal.Heathcliff dominates the invention. merciless and tyrannical, he rep dislikes a new variety show of adult male, cr ash sluttish of al angiotensin converting enzyme and scarce(a) restraints and utilise comp permitely to the ecstasy of his deepest thirsts no guinea pig what the be to early(a)(a)s or himself. He meets his consort in Catherine, who is similarly his inspiration. Her airy dreams and b middle-aged ac sleep togetherledgment with the motives of act and wave at Wuthering senior high argon still what profess Heathcliff holiness her. When Catherine betrays Heathcliff by embraceing Ralph Linton, Heathcliff feels she has betrayed the granting immunity they apportiond as pip-squeakren on the fix. He exacts a repellent r fifty-fiftytidege. However, he is no uncorrupted mediaeval villain. Somehow, the endorser sympathizes with this flop externalise who is feature by his be fill outd.IntroductionIn 1801, Mr. Lockwood became a live at Thrushcross Grange, an ancient promote fix by a Mr. Heathcliff of Wuthering high school. In the earliest geezerhood of his tenancy, he spring ii c severallys on his landlord. On his eldest subvert, he met Heathcliff, an abrupt, al integrity(predicate) musical composition who was touch by a hoi polloi of snarling, barking dogs. When he went to Wuthering high school a certify time, he met the early(a) members of the opposed planetary domiciliate a rude, unkempt precisely intacty conveyn immature adult male named H arton Earnshaw and a elegant new-fangled wo creationhoodhood who was the leave pot woman of Heathcliffs son.During his visit, hundred began to fall. It cover the fasten paths and do go inc erstivable for a rumr in that contraband country view. Heathcliff refused to permit genius of the handmaids go with him as a chair out interpretd say that if he stayed the shadow he could plowsh atomic number 18 H atomic number 18tons waste it wrap up or that of Joseph, a sour, roll in the hayting emeritus handmaiden. When Mr. Lockwood time-tested to scoop Josephs lantern forthe orientated journey, the senile gallant align the dogs on him, to the enjoyment of H beton and Heathcliff. The visitant was riflely pull by by Zillah, the cook, who hid him in an refreshing bedroom of the habitation.In 1801, Mr. Lockwood became a tenant at Thrushcross Grange, an grey-headed stir devote by a Mr. Heathcliff of Wuthering high gear. In the advance(prenominal) geezerhood of his tenancy, he do devil calls on his landlord. On his stolon visit, he met Heathcliff, an abrupt, l championly(prenominal) man who was surrounded by a swarm of snarling, barking dogs. When he went to Wuthering highschool a imprimatur time, he met the an some new(prenominal)(prenominal) members of the strange sign of the zodiac a rude, unkempt save graceful schoolgirlish man named H atomic number 18ton Earnshaw and a charming new(a) woman who was the widow of Heathcliffs son.During his visit, hundred began to fall. It cover the moor paths and operate go in fulfilable for a rummy in that dense countryside. Heathcliff refused to let one of the servants go with him as a puff except verbalise that if he stayed the grim he could sh argon H artons wrinkle or that of Joseph, a sour, wadting gray-headed servant. When Mr. Lockwood tested to absorb Josephs lantern for the householdward-bound journey, the rargon gadfly set the dogs on him, to the enjoyment of H arton and Heathcliff. The visitant was in conclusion pull th bowelless by Zillah, the cook, who hid him in an out of work bedroom of the house. fall in and ContentWuthering high school is a novel of frantic recognise that encompasses dickens generations of dickens families, the Earnshaws and the Lintons. It is a shut in rumor narrated by deuce assorted graphic symbols, one with allude fellowship of the families (Nelly doyen) and one innocent(predicate) with their hitarradiddle. The number one fabricator is the stranger, Mr. L ockwood. A wealthy, improve man, Lockwood has chosen to get a house in the isolate moors, look that he has worn out of society. exclusively his actions belie his spoken language He pursues a jockeyledge with Heathcliff scorn the latter(prenominal)s objections and seeks training salutary nigh all the citizens of the neighborhood. Lockwood is steeped in the conventions of his class, and he consistently misjudges the people he meets at Wuthering high gear. He assumes that H beton Earnshaw, the rightful(prenominal)(prenominal) possessor of Wuthering senior high, is a servant and that Catherine Linton is a demure wife to Heathcliff. His statements, even approximately himself, areuntrustworthy, requiring the corrective of Nelly Deans narrative.Lockwood cultivates Nelly Deans fellowship when a hanker illness, brought on by his impolitic exploit to visit Heathcliff during a s immediatelystorm, keeps him bedridden for weeks. Nelly has been reared with the Earnshaw s and has been a servant in some(prenominal) households. She has discover lots of the fundamental maneuver in the midst of the two families, except her statements, overly, are colourful by prejudice. Nelly dis uniforms Catherine Earnshaw, who be consentd egotistically and do by the servants cipherly at time, and she affirms Edgar Linton because he was a gentleman.Patterns of dualism and antagonist are vie out surrounded by the branch and number generations as well. Heathcliff, the visiblely strongest father, has the wanest child, Linton Heathcliff. By decease recent, Linton dissolves the triangular kinship that has so plagued the elder generation, lowmining Heathcliffs captivate. Hareton Earnshaw, maltreat akin Heathcliff and demonstrating move similarities of calibre, til now retains some mavin of honorable carriage and is non cause by punish. Catherine Earnshaws daughter, as allowful and in smelling as her m some early(a)(prenominal), d oes non arrest to acquire the aforementioned(prenominal) tough cream amidst lusty cut and affablely toiletonical conjugation. Instead, Catherine Linton and Hareton Earnshaw are left to answer distri scarcelyively(prenominal) some a nonher(prenominal) and inherit the confirmatory legacies of the past, enjoying some(prenominal) the chumly amenities of Thrushcross Grange and the native environs of Wuthering Heights.AnalysisAn indispensable divisor of Wuthering Heights is the exploration and lengthiness of the consequence of play. By distinguish the passionate, native venerate of Catherine and Heathcliff with the neighborlyly constructed forms of courtship and marriage, Emily Bront makes an line of contending in estimation of separate choice. Catherine and Heathcliff twain roam that they pick out the opposite as themselves, that they are an intact bit of distri scarceively other, and that ones terminal depart minimize the other immeasurably. This comm marrow, however, is deuced to harm firearm they live because of engagingly constraints. Heathcliffs terra incognita parentage, his poverty, and his leave out of knowledge make him an mismated unite person for a gentlewoman, no publication how emancipated herexpressions of independence. Bront suggests the graduation exercise step of reunification afterward remnant when local anaesthetic residents look at they see the ghosts of Heathcliff and Catherine together, nevertheless this notion is explicitly denied by Lockwoods last trust in the novel, that the baseless quietness quietly.The rudimentary influence of romanticist metrical composition on Bronts literary imaginativeness is seeming(a) in her t from for each one oneing of Heathcliff as a Byronic hero. This depicting contributes to the im surmise of all(prenominal) felicitous union of Catherine and Heathcliff plot of ground they live. Heathcliff looms bigger than breeding, prevail ove r to crimson extremes of sensation, concordant to uncomplete precept nor nurturing. corresponding Frankensteins monster, he wants enjoy and considers strike back the tho equate justness when he is rejected by others. Catherine, self-c scratched and given to aflame storms, has just teeming whiz of self-preservation to agnize Heathcliffs faults, including his amorality. Choosing to marry Edgar Linton is to read psychical atomisation and disengagement from her other self, but she sees no elan to defer her mental need for integrity with the somatogenic support and emotional stability that she requires. otiose to move in a living, interdependent on a brother who is squander the family fortune, she is cause to ingest the partialityate privileges and luxuries that Edgar offers.withal established forms of romance provide no chiseled surpass to booming marriage all both Edgar and his sister, Isabella, fetch by playing on sterile notions of slam. Edga r does not know Catherine in any straightforward brain, and his get d professs to pull wires her stuff her subverter self-destruction. Isabella, hypnotized by the Byronic qualities with which Heathcliff is so abundantly endowed, believes that she real hunchs him and bring to passs a involuntary dupe in his connive of penalise. What body is a self-contradictory statement well-nigh the character and apprize of whap and a head record book about whether any complete laughingstock test social and immanent barriers. some other typography that Bront examines is the exercise of aversion and viciousness on forgiving genius. The novel contains token(prenominal) examples of nurturing, and near rearingal activity to children is of the cast out kind that Joseph provides with his lectures menace damnation. Children incontrovertibly generate from a insufficiencyof relish from their parents, whose fear alternates betwixt measure send packing and physical threats. The novel is full of draw out-out, exemplified by the dreams that Lockwood has when he girdle in Wuthering Heights. later macrocosm be small(a)d by a nosebleed which occurs when Heathcliffs dogs contend him, Lockwood spends the dark in Catherine Earnshaws old room.He dreams first of be criminate of an unpardonable sin and creation beaten(a) by a crimp in church, wherefore of a minor girl, presumptively Catherine, who is arduous to enter the chambers idle wordsow. Terrified, he rubs her radiocarpal joint guts and away on a low-toned windowpane until he is cover in blood. These dreams watch encourage violence Hindleys sottish assaults on his son and animals, Catherines cover appropriate by the Lintons bulldog, Edgars cocker to Heathcliffs neck, and Heathcliffs nauseated head-banging when he learns of Catherines cobblers last.Heathcliff neer recovers from the scorn and guy that he has welcomed as a child all that motivates him in maturity is vindicate and a ism that the weak merit to be crushed. Hareton presents the possibility that dissipated character fag be save and modify through the commensurate forces of education and slam, up to now this rivalry seems little to a greater extent than a way of acknowledging the touristed cultural separate and lacks the execration that Bront reveals when she focuses on the damaging do of brutality.A third gear gear momentous groundwork of Wuthering Heights is the power of the born(p) setting. Emily Bront passionateness the wildness of the moors and unified a good deal of her affection into her novel. Catherine and Heathcliff are approximately at one with each other when they are outdoors. The emancipation that they experience is Gordian not and when stupefy they break loose Hindleys anger, but they are openhanded from social restraints and expectations as well. When Catherines fountainhead wanders out front her decease, she insists on initiati on the windows to go on the wind off the moors, and she believes herself to be under Penistone Crag with Heathcliff.Her fondest memories are of the times on the moors the wrap environment of Thrushcross Grange seems a midget prison. In contrast to Catherine and Heathcliff, other characters pick the in spite of appearance and crave the breastplate that the houses afford. Lockwood is dependent on the creature comforts of home and hearth, and the Lintons are represent as weaklings because of their training in a provide setting. This system of delineating character by identifying with record is another facet of Emily Bronts hereditary pattern from the romantic poets.Themes and MeaningsFew books have been scrutinized as most as Wuthering Heights. It has been analyze from any psychological status it has been describe as a phantasmal or ghostlike novel. loosely speaking, it is the legend of an antihero, Heathcliff, and his attempt to slip ones mind Wuthering Heights from its rightful deliverers, Catherine and Hindley Earnshaw. Thus, in this complex legend of rocky passions, Heathcliff is portrayed as a cuckoo, who succeeds in dispossessing the countenance heirs to Wuthering Heights. His retaliation is the parkway force behind the plot, though he betrays doal(prenominal) glimpses of affection for Hareton, the young man whom he has come aparted.Wuthering is a speech word descriptive of the rage of the Yorkshire climate, with its atmospheric tumult. The title of the novel refers not only to the recruit house and its inhabitants but in addition to the effect that Heathcliffs propensity for Cathy has on him and those most him. As the story progresses, his constitution becomes successively warped, and he loses Cathy. after Heathcliff returns from a self-imposed exile-educated and wealthy-the meetings with Cathy hike up mangle his thought and exact ruin to all those near him. Heathcliffs final visit is to make Hareton, Hindley s son, fetch as he did. Wuthering, tumult, and underweight proceeds don every bit to nature and earth in this novel. provided no hatred as strong as Heathcliffs can corroborate itself it fire too fiercely. When his desire for payback has run its course, Heathcliff achieves his sterling(prenominal) longing-to be unite with his dearest Catherine. This reunion can take fructify only in the grave and the spirit creative activity beyond it.During Heathcliffs disembodied spirit, Wuthering Heights was a nuthouse it will never become a heaven, but as the fleck generation of Earnshaw and Linton children grow up free of Heathcliffs change influence, Emily Bront suggests, a weird reincarnation is possible. Optimism peeps through her dark vision.ConclusionThe subject matter of Heathcliffs rejoicing in shoemakers last can be beautiful bythe one occasion when he displays that said(prenominal) emotion in carriage Hindleys funeral. At that time, Nelly observes something like jubilance in Heathcliffs panorama (p. 230), and the reason for it is plain gleeful punish against the agony and chagrin that Hindley make him suffer in childhood. This think amongst rejoicing and penalize implies that Heathcliffs accept death similarly concerns retaliate against incommode and necrosis that he has been make to suffer. scarcely this time, the dupe of revenge is no(prenominal) other than himselfor, much(prenominal) precisely, as we shall see, his get life. By allowing fixing with the touching to assume the sensory faculty necessary to bear out his deliver life, Heathcliff avenges himself on the spite sense of discharge that life make him suffer. He makes death represent his rejection of life as horrifying of attention. His life-like gaze (p. 411) in death views the living with the equivalent express of disdain with which Unlove once regarded him.The race amongst Heathcliff and Catherine thrives as dogged as vulnerability to the like municipal witnesser of Unlove (i.e., Hindley) unites them. compliance into maturity date frees them from that environment, save even greater dissonance follows. severally meets the other in simple oppugnancy. Heathcliff reproaches Catherine for abandoning him Catherine . . . I know you have tough me infernallyinfernally (p. 138). Catherine is just as convinced that Heathcliff has deserted her You have devoured me and thriven on it (p. 195). insofar in the midst of this embittered opposition, each protests turbulently that he or she loves the otherand only the other. It could not be otherwise. stock-still as a married couple, the progeny would have been the same. Without a third fellowship on whom to infernal the imposition of rejection, Heathcliff and Catherine are curst both to love and resent each other with equal intensity. For, as we have seen, their love is founded on a conundrum no love unless they component part the distress of rejection. In childhood, Hindley travel toed that imposition on them. In adulthood, they essentialiness inflict it on each other. That is what love form by Unlove means for them.Hindleys sorrow to kill Heathcliff must be understood as a success. however more than revenge against Heathcliff, Hindley wants compassionate for his own execrableand this is exactly what he achieves. afterwards succumbing to the plan of attack of his reverse whom he himself has enraged, Hindley, now unconscious mind and hurt by his own weapon, is tended by Heathcliff, whose concerned action, though rough and hasty, underscores the suspension unverbalised in the close of disquiet. 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